Developing Professionalism in Nursing

Developing Professionalism in Nursing The following manuscript provides an insight as to what it means to be professional in the field of nursing. It defines professionalism in the context of health and human service delivery. The article also discusses what it means to provide quality service and care in a safe, ethical and legal context, in both an individual and inter-professional context. Also discusses the mechanisms that are in place which monitor professional behaviour in health and human services settings and how they may contribute to quality improvement mechanisms. Health care professionals of today need to be able to maintain professionalism. Professionalism is defined as methods, conduct aims or qualities of a professional which distinguishes them from being amateur. For healthcare professionals such as nurses, being professional means that they maintain their national registration and accreditation. This highlights the importance of updating skills and maintaining professional development. The Royal College of Nursing Australia, ( 2009) states 20 hours of professional development is mandatory for all Australian nurses annually. This in turn is then putting the emphasis on lifelong learning and skills updating in the wake of new discoveries and technologies. As professionals it is also important that a nurse only works within their own scope of practise and does not undertake any job or position in which they have not been professionally trained to do. Considered the founder of professional nursing Florence Nightingale could see the need for change within the standard of nursing of her era (Boling 2003). She was the first person to identify nursing fundamentals and to develop schools to train and educate new nurses in how to care for the infirm. Nightingale was the first to define the essentials of nursing to a largely ignorant group that defined themselves as nurses either by trade or as a result of illness in the family. Professionalization efforts had begun (Boling 2003). The delivery of quality care is important, as is ensuring that the care is delivered in a safe ethical and legal perspective. It is essential for healthcare professionals to ensure that when they are caring for a patient that they do not compromise the patient safety, legal aspects or cross any ethical boundaries. It is important for nurses to deliver quality care as it allows for better treatment and increased positive outcomes. According to Dugdale, L., Siegler, M., Rubin, D. (2008) positive actions which can be evaluated and measured allow for a more personalised commitment to the highest ethical standards. When discussing the issue of patients admitted to hospital Dugdale, L., Siegler, M., Rubin, D. (2008) talk about the patient losing their personal identity and that they are identified by the medical condition with which they are inflicted and their bed number. The disease needs to treated and it can be impersonal, but any interaction with a patient needs to be personal. It is important that a patient is treated as a human being rather than a machine (Dugdale, L., Siegler, M., Rubin, D. 2008)). A healthcare professional needs to develop a good relationship with their patient so they can obtain a better understanding of client needs and to gauge limitations that may need to be considered before a treatment plan is implemented( Dugdale, L., Siegler, M., Rubin, D 2008). Ethics is a worldwide reflective process. It is there to guide you and act as a reasoned voice (Interprofessional Practise in Health and Human Services 2009). The Australian Nursing Midwifery Council provides a document called the Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. It is relevant for all levels of Australian nursing staff and provides the fundamental areas of values and ethics that the nursing profession is committed to upholding (Australian Nursing Midwifery Council 2008). It also incorporates other professional guidelines and standards of conduct for nurses, while providing them with a point of reference from which they can conduct themselves and reflect upon as it is a guide for them to make ethical decisions and practise ethically (Australian Nursing Midwifery Council 2008). Law is rules and regulations that are implemented by individual countries and states. They are derived from judicial decisions and represent the accepted lower limits of their behaviour in social and professional contexts (Interprofessional Practise in Health and Human Services 2009). According to the Interprofessional Practise in Health and Human Services (2009) It is contemporary statement of the standards that you are expected to maintain in your dealings with the social institutions of your state and country, and with others in personal interactions (p. 110). It is important to remember that law and ethics go hand in hand, and when you start to learn about one you also learn about the other. Whenever a new law is discussed the ethics behind it are also discussed (Interprofessional Practise in Health and Human Services 2009). Patient confidentiality is important, a person being cared for has the right to be able to confide to their care provider about issues that they may have and they have the right to expect that they not be further discussed the health care professional with anyone else. There are many laws which come into play in the field of health care and in most of them patient confidentiality is important, however confidentiality is not absolute in health care and there a several exceptions to it (Interprofessional Practise in Health and Human Services 2009). The main thing that needs to be remembered is to abide by all relevant codes of ethics, conduct and laws, maintain confidentiality and ensure that patients have knowledge of informed consent to any relevant interventions that relate to them. The potential for healthcare professionals in particular nurses to be affected by musclo-skeletal injury is high. Back injury is among the highest reported injuries from nurses, with 37% of Canadian nurses reporting in the last year that back pain has been severe enough to affect their usual daily activities Tullar, J., Brewer, S., Amick, B., Irvin, E., Mahood, Q., Pompeii, L., Wang, A., Van Eerd, D., Gimeno, D., Evanoff, B. (2010). This is of major concern as it not only can affect the staffs ability to provide their patients with the quality of care that they deserve but it can also affect the healthcare professionals ability to actually work at all. Some of the most demanding tasks for a healthcare professional to carry out are patient transfers, and repositioning and the force that is involved in undertaking these tasks have the potential to cause serious musculo-skeletal injuries to the healthcare professional (Tuller, et al., 2010). There are a number of mechanisms that are in place for healthcare professionals to ensure that they are working within their scope of practice and providing care in a safe and ethical environment, as well as practising within the law. There are also procedures in place to ensure that unqualified practitioners do not enter the profession and to prevent substandard, unethical and illegal practise from occurring. The professional code of conduct for nurses in Australia provides a standard to be upheld Australia wide. It provides the minimum requirements and competencies that a nursing professional is expected to uphold to ensure the good reputation of nurses and goes hand in hand with the code of ethics for nurses in Australia which we have already discussed earlier (Australian Nursing Midwifery Council 2008). They are however not provided with the purpose of providing detailed advice for different professional situations (Australian Nursing Midwifery Council 2008). When considering these two codes it should be kept in mind that they are not only designed for healthcare professionals but for multiple audiences including students, patients, other healthcare professionals and generally anyone in the community who wishes to view them (Australian Nursing Midwifery Council 2008). National registration came into force on the 1st of July 2010 and replaces the state registration that was in place national registration is a measure to prevent that unqualified practitioners do not enter the profession and to prevent substandard, unethical and illegal practise from occurring, when registering there are standards that need to be met (Nursing and midwifery board of Australia). Healthcare professionals have a duty of care to provide the best possible care to their patients and to ensure the best possible outcomes for all people they encounter and treat. They are expected to do this in a safe comforting environment, while upholding all codes of conduct, and ethics, as well as laws in place to protect them and the people they treat. Healthcare professionals not only need to be respectful and sensitive to their patients but they need to treat their personal information with the upmost confidentiality. The added responsibility that healthcare professionals have make their professional behaviour and actions not optional and they must abide by all rules and regulations in place and endeavour to provide the upmost quality level of care to ensure the most optimal outcome for their patients.

Citizen Kane

Discuss the ways in which Citizen Kane challenged the traditional narrative and technical elements of classic Hollywood cinema. Give specific examples using appropriate cinematic terminology. Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film directed, co-written, produced by, and starring Orson Welles. This was Welles’s first feature film. With this film, Welles introduced many new filmmaking innovations. Some of the innovations were in cinematography, storytelling techniques, and special effects, lighting and framing of a scene.One of the greatest movies of all time was Orson Welles's Citizen Kane. Almost all of the movies of the time were told chronologically and had a beginning, middle, and an end. Citizen Kane was the first movie to tell the audience the end of the movie in the beginning. The movie was mostly told in flashbacks. Unlike traditional Hollywood, Citizen Kane combines non-linear and composite storytelling from multiple points of view, including the famous opening news reels, interviews, and flashbacks, to present the main character (Kstrykers Blog).Traditional Hollywood has very static mise-en-scene with actors and objects mostly in the center of the frame and never out of focus. Objects, characters and props were usually evenly distributed throughout the scene. The lighting was usually three point and split the scene into foreground and background. An innovative technical aspect of Citizen Kane is the unprecedented use of deep focus (Ogle, P. 1985). In nearly every scene in the film, the foreground, background and everything in between are all in sharp focus.Another unorthodox method used in the film was the way low-angle cameras were used to display a point of view facing upwards, showing the ceilings in the background (Toland, G. ). Since movies were primarily filmed on sound stages with the Hollywood studio system, it was impossible to film at an angle that showed ceilings because they shot on stages (Kstryker). Mise-en-scene is used to †Å"signify the director's control over what appears in the film frame† doing this by using elements as settings, lighting, costume, and the movement and actions of figures appearing within the film (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004).One example of this is the scene where he finds out that he lost the race for governor. He is supposed to be a powerful individual and with the camera angle being so low, it made him looked huge on screen. Because of the angle of the camera, the shot has a lot of depth. In my opinion, the most significant and powerful mise-en-scene within Citizen Kane is when the parents are in the house having a conversation with Thatcher, the banker. As the conversation is happening, we see a young boy playing in the snow, through a window.I feel this scene symbolizes the innocence that is being taken from him. He is never depicted this way again in the film. This is when a change begins to take place without his knowledge. The boy is in the middle of the frame for the r emainder of the movie, making this part the most dramatic of the movie. A decision is being made on the boy's life unknowing to him of it and he is carefree as he plays in the snow (Boghani and McKeever, 2013). Welles’ Citizen Kane feels modern in a way that virtually no other film from the 1940’s does.It separated itself from the rest of the Hollywood pack by attempting to create a new style of filmmaking with its creative use of narration and style. Ironically, Citizen Kane may have broken the Hollywood mold, but it created a new one in its place. While breaking Hollywood conventions, it eventually became the standard, used by many a director, such as Quentin Tarantino, Stanley Kubrik, and Christopher Nolan. However, since the film takes such cinematic leaps, Citizen Kane is will be considered one of the most innovative and advance movies for a long time. Citizen Kane Discuss the ways in which Citizen Kane challenged the traditional narrative and technical elements of classic Hollywood cinema. Give specific examples using appropriate cinematic terminology. Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film directed, co-written, produced by, and starring Orson Welles. This was Welles’s first feature film. With this film, Welles introduced many new filmmaking innovations. Some of the innovations were in cinematography, storytelling techniques, and special effects, lighting and framing of a scene.One of the greatest movies of all time was Orson Welles's Citizen Kane. Almost all of the movies of the time were told chronologically and had a beginning, middle, and an end. Citizen Kane was the first movie to tell the audience the end of the movie in the beginning. The movie was mostly told in flashbacks. Unlike traditional Hollywood, Citizen Kane combines non-linear and composite storytelling from multiple points of view, including the famous opening news reels, interviews, and flashbacks, to present the main character (Kstrykers Blog).Traditional Hollywood has very static mise-en-scene with actors and objects mostly in the center of the frame and never out of focus. Objects, characters and props were usually evenly distributed throughout the scene. The lighting was usually three point and split the scene into foreground and background. An innovative technical aspect of Citizen Kane is the unprecedented use of deep focus (Ogle, P. 1985). In nearly every scene in the film, the foreground, background and everything in between are all in sharp focus.Another unorthodox method used in the film was the way low-angle cameras were used to display a point of view facing upwards, showing the ceilings in the background (Toland, G. ). Since movies were primarily filmed on sound stages with the Hollywood studio system, it was impossible to film at an angle that showed ceilings because they shot on stages (Kstryker). Mise-en-scene is used to †Å"signify the director's control over what appears in the film frame† doing this by using elements as settings, lighting, costume, and the movement and actions of figures appearing within the film (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004).One example of this is the scene where he finds out that he lost the race for governor. He is supposed to be a powerful individual and with the camera angle being so low, it made him looked huge on screen. Because of the angle of the camera, the shot has a lot of depth. In my opinion, the most significant and powerful mise-en-scene within Citizen Kane is when the parents are in the house having a conversation with Thatcher, the banker. As the conversation is happening, we see a young boy playing in the snow, through a window.I feel this scene symbolizes the innocence that is being taken from him. He is never depicted this way again in the film. This is when a change begins to take place without his knowledge. The boy is in the middle of the frame for the r emainder of the movie, making this part the most dramatic of the movie. A decision is being made on the boy's life unknowing to him of it and he is carefree as he plays in the snow (Boghani and McKeever, 2013). Welles’ Citizen Kane feels modern in a way that virtually no other film from the 1940’s does.It separated itself from the rest of the Hollywood pack by attempting to create a new style of filmmaking with its creative use of narration and style. Ironically, Citizen Kane may have broken the Hollywood mold, but it created a new one in its place. While breaking Hollywood conventions, it eventually became the standard, used by many a director, such as Quentin Tarantino, Stanley Kubrik, and Christopher Nolan. However, since the film takes such cinematic leaps, Citizen Kane is will be considered one of the most innovative and advance movies for a long time.

PENN Surname Meaning and Origin

The Penn surname has several possible meanings: a topographical  name for someone who lived near a fold or hill. From the Breton/Old English word penn, meaning hill and pen, fold.a habitational name from various places called Penn, such as Penn in Buckinghamshire and Staffordshire, England.an  occupational name for an impounder of stray animals, from the Old English penn, meaning (sheep) pen.as a German surname, Penn may have originated as a nickname for a short, stocky person, from  pien, meaning tree stump. Surname Origin: English, German Alternate Surname Spellings: PENNE, PEN Where in the World the Penn Surname Is Found While it originated in England, the Penn surname is now most prevalent in the United States, according to surname distribution data from Forebears, but most common in the British Virgin Islands, where it is the 3rd most popular surname. Around the turn of the 20th century, the Penn surname in Britain was most common, based on the percentage of the population with the surname, in Northamptonshire, England, followed by Hertfordshire, Worcestershire, Buckinghamshire, and Oxfordshire. WorldNames PublicProfiler, on the other hand, indicates the Penn surname is most frequent in the United Kingdom, especially in southern England, plus Cumbria in the north and Stirling in Scotland. It is also common in the Eferding district of Austria, especially in Freistadt and Urfahr-Umgebung. Famous People with the Last Name Penn William Penn - an  English Quaker is best known for founding the colony of Pennsylvania as a place for religious freedom in AmericaSean Penn - Academy-award winning American actorKal Penn - American film and television actor, who has also served several roles in the Obama administrationArthur Horace Penn  - member of the British royal householdHarry Penn - African-American civil rights activist and dentistRobert Penn -  African-American sailor, recipient of the Medal of Honor during the Spanish–American War Genealogy Resources for the Surname Penn The Family of William Penn, Founder of Pennsylvania, Ancestry and Descendants: A digitized copy of a book on the ancestors and descendants of Sir William Penn, published by Howard M. Jenkins in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in  1899. Free on Internet Archive.Penn Family Genealogy: A website tracing the descendants of  John Penne,  born in 1500 in Minety, Gloucestershire, England.Penn Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Penn  family crest or coat of arms for the Penn surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.FamilySearch - PENN Genealogy: Explore over 500,000 historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Penn  surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.PENN Surna me Family Mailing Lists: RootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Penn surname.DistantCousin.com - PENN  Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Penn.PENN Genealogy Forum: Search the archives for posts about Penn ancestors, or post your own Penn query.The Penn  Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the popular last name Penn from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Biological Underpinnings of Personality Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Freudian psychodynamic theory of personality recognized the interaction between nature (innate intrinsic) and nurture that entails parental influence on shaping an individual s personality. According to Allport theory, the theorist affirmed that personality is biologically determined at birth and adjusted by the individual s environmental experience. This showcase that an individual s set of personality traits are biologically underpinned through the parental influence as well as at birth. There are many theories of neurotic personalities. To begin with, Eysenck s personality Theory developed by Eysenck (1952, 1967, and 1982). He designed a model of personality that employed a result of factors analyses of response on personality questionnaires that recognized three dimensions of personality; neuroticism, psychoticism, and extraversion. He developed the theory from the study of behaviors of soldiers that undergone initial assessment before diagnosing mental disorders to be treated f or neurotic disorders (Eysenck, 1982, p, 78). The study noted natural linkages in the answers and hence concluded that there existed a number of different personality traits referred to first order personality traits. According to the theory, neurotics tend to be anxious, moody and worrying individuals that are generally overly emotional and find it hard to calm down. We will write a custom essay sample on Biological Underpinnings of Personality or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page