Le An Objective For Prohibition - 2106 Words

Abstract: Lean is a conspicuous theory and application which expects the use of a wide range of assets for any reason, other than the production of significant worth for the end client to be inefficient, and subsequently an objective for prohibition. The theory and mindset communicated by an arrangement of standards, supplemented by various devices and systems helps for waste abolition, equipped execution change, stock diminishment, and ideal quality level to the end clients. It is one of the principal and far reaching ideas that add to organizations everywhere throughout the globe to increase upper hand and thrive on the global market. (ÄÅ'iarnienÄâ€" VienaÃ… ¾indienÄâ€", 2015) Introduction: These day’s organizations everywhere throughout the world are confronting with expanding demands from clients and competitors. Clients have higher desires, and makers can meet these desires by expanding item s quality, diminishing conveyance time, and reducing costs – or a mix of these three categories. These push business organizations to actualize new generation methodologies to upgrade their intensity in the worldwide commercial center. Lean is a coordinated arrangement of standards, practices, apparatuses, and procedures which expect the consumption of a wide range of assets for any reason other than the making of significant worth for the end client to be inefficient, and in this manner an objective for avoidance. The end of non-quality included exercises decreases expenses and processShow MoreRelatedScience : Conjectures And Refutations And The Problem Of Induction1149 Words   |  5 Pagesonly statements which can be falsified are subject to deductive logic, and since science should be logically consistent, statements that can be considered scientific must be falsifiable. By extension, all legitimate scientific theories must be prohibitions, and the more restrictive the theory, the more scientific it is. In addition, the only way to test them is to make attempts to falsify those theories. To Popper, confirming evidence is simple to obtain on its own, and it should only be consideredRead MoreEssay On Foreign Corrupt Practices Act1405 Words   |  6 PagesVu Le Vu LGLS 3562 Michael Valenza December 7th, 2017 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) FCPA Background The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the â€Å"FCPA† or the â€Å"Act†) is one of the primary statutes in the U.S. for fighting against corruption around the world. After the Watergate scandals and revelation of widespread corruption and bribery all over the globe by U.S companies, the FCPA was established in 1977 by Congress [1]. Before passing the FCPA, the government found that more than 400 companiesRead MoreLegalize it2016 Words   |  9 Pagesconsidered the first salvo of the Federal government’s War on Drugs. Drafted by Henry J Anslinger, head of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s newly created Federal Bureau of Narcotics and passed just four years after the repeal of America’s unsuccessful prohibition of alcohol, the act imposed a tax that was to be paid by any person who dealt commercially in hemp or marijuana in order to curb the use of the ‘demon weed’ for the public good. Anslinger employed misinformation, fear and racism to sway public opinionRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexuality On Children s Sexual Abuse1652 Words   |  7 Pagesmeant to protect the vulnerable children who have experienced sexual abuse. This essay will also include a review of the main current and temporary issues covering child sexual abuse and the impact on effective social work practice. A primary objective will be to critically consider the similarities and potential differences between the legislation , social policy and the requirements of professional ethics and codes of conduct. Subsequently , the irreducible conflict and ambiguities for codesRead MoreDiscrimination3927 Words   |  16 Pagesdiscrimination to ensure there is equality before the law. This right is a universal human right(Universal D eclaration on Human Rights) and its violation is not limited to a country in particular; discrimination in today’s world is everywhere. Prohibition of discrimination is also an essential element of national legal systems, as it seeks to eliminate arbitrariness in dec ision making, en hancing the in clusiveness and predictability o f decision making and thus the functioning of the legal systemRead MoreOld World Versus New World: the Origins of Organizational Diversity in the International Wine Industry12101 Words   |  49 Pageswineries diversified into distilling and the production of brandy and fortified wines, where the economies of scale were even greater. In California, fortified wines increased from 17 per cent of production in 1891/5 to 50 per cent in 1909/13. After Prohibition it was even higher, reaching 81 per cent in 1935, and as late as the mid 1960s half the wines in California and Australia were fortified dessert wines. The large modern wineries required considerable quantities of grapes if they were to be workedRead MoreThe Apartheid Of The South African Apartheid Essay2149 Words   |  9 Pageslooking to examine the similarities between the Coloured group of the Apartheid and the Metis Nation of the Indian Act. South Africa’s Apartheid Segregation between white and black long preceded the apartheid, however, this remained the prime objective in the creation of the apartheid state. This system created a racial hierarchy which started with franchise restrictions imposed by the Parliamentary Registration Act of 1887 as well as the Franchise and Ballot Act of 1892 (Adhikari, 2005). ThreeRead MoreAnalysis Of The Executive Master Of International Business Program2108 Words   |  9 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. INTRODUCTION Background and Current State†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Research Objectives and Limitations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 2. WHERE CORPORATIONS FAIL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Corporate Giving Objectives Corporate Giving Known Value†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦........ Key Corporate Indicators and Trends†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The Public Relations Environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...... 3. WHERE SOCIAL CAUSES AND NONPROFITS FAIL Corporate Giving Objectives 4. A MICRO ANALYSIS—EMERSON AND OTHER RESPONDERS TO FERGUSON†¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5. A BETTERRead MoreEngineering Ethics Within The Scope Of Engineering Essay1991 Words   |  8 Pagestechnological optimist would likely claim that academic research is among the most noble professions. From this frame of reference, we can classify anything that would impede well conducted research as immoral. Fallacious publications and grant proposals dele the spirit of research and potentially impede the development of technologies useful to society. This being the case, such treachery has an unfortunate and tangible eect on all of humanity. Haifang Wen serves a prototypical example here, as his workRead MoreA Brief Note On Data Mining And Machine Learning3112 Words   |  13 Pagescandidate for complex data mining structures. For this case study we have extracted some data from the leading social networking website, Twitter. We gathered mined client created information containing examples related to healthcare obesity. Our objective was to show a physical approach to illuminate a disturbing health awareness issue through a systematic, computational methodology fixated on mining valuable examples out of public data. Presently, Twitter gives access to crude client produced data

Lilian Kim Global II Free Essays

Throughout the course of written history, people have made great changes that have made the society, government, and traditions what they are today. Even before written history, some individual made huge a revolution in the world by creating a writing system. People try hard to change and mold the world and many have come out positively, and others negatively. We will write a custom essay sample on Lilian Kim Global II or any similar topic only for you Order Now A great time of change and revolution in history is the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution. Some people who have had a great impact during this time were the Scientists Copernicus and Galileo, and the philosopher Locke. Before Copernicus’s time people had agreed with Ptolemy’s Geocentric Theory, that the Earth was the center of the universe and the sun and everything else revolved around the earth. This also went with the church’s teachings and the church was basically the law in that time, so they influenced and stressed that idea, and most people agreed and believed it. However Copernicus went against the church, the people, and the accepted law and said that the sun was the center of the universe and not the earth. He declared that the Sun was a solitary object while all the other planets including the earth rotated around the sun, called the Heliocentric Theory. This caused turmoil and confusion within the people with some still believing the old law and others siding with Copernicus. If Copernicus did not have the courage to stand out and speak against the church then who knows when we would’ve figured that out. Another scientist backing the Heliocentric Theory was Galileo, probably one of the most famous scientists of this time period, and was also a heretic. Not only did he help prove that the Theory was true, he also proved all of Aristotle’s ancient theories wrong. The church had been teaching and believing these century old teachings Aristotle had made and it had been the law for decades. Yet Galileo came and proved every single theory wrong thus angering the church and he was taken to inquisition by the church and took back all that he said for his life, which was a little negative, but the fact that he had said it so people would know was good because then the people would know and more people would finish the studies that he started. A great philosopher of this time was Locke. He declared many things that still affect many nations today. He came up with three natural rights that he said were, life, liberty, and property. In the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America, there are three rights that are unable to be taken away from you, which are, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Although the one of the rights were changed, Locke’s Philosophy still influenced it. Another nation that has taken his philosophies into account is France. However in their declaration, the rights are life, liberty, and resistance to oppression. He also stated that if the government takes one or more of these rights away from anyone, the people should rebel and abolish the unjust rulers /government, and create a new system that will preserve those rights. He also wrote two treatises on government in 1690. His ideas have affected the world’s greatest nations and those nations have prospered during the time after him. These people, the scientists Copernicus and Galileo, and the philosopher Locke have made a huge impact on the world and what it has become today. Though these three had most positive effects, some great people did not have that result. Thanks to these three great men, the world is a more knowledgeable and prospering place to live. How to cite Lilian Kim Global II, Papers

Racism in Humane Behavior-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write an Essay on Racism. Answer: Racism refers to the inhumane behavior of treating someone differently owing to their race and culture. People experience prejudice when a decision is formed without any kind of reason. Racism is an evil force that pervades our society and inspite of the advances made racism continues to act as a negative force that prevents the progression of the human race. It denies the human race of their dignity and is an act of supreme injustice (Forrest, Lean Dunn, 2016). According to me, racism paves the path for economic oppression that dehumanizes our society. I think that racism violates the basic principles in relation to social justice and brings to the fore the untold suffering that those who are displaced and homeless have to feel on account of racism that is perpetrated by a section of people who conceive of themselves to be racially superior (Whitmore, 2013). The AFL player, Adam Goodes being vilified in public platform though he was a great footballer goes on to show how racist behavior is woven in the fabric of Australian football. In the year 2013, a girl who was thirteen years old called Adam Goodes an ape that is indicative of the racial connections. I think that the fact that it came from the mouth of such a young girl speaks volumes about the deeper malaise in relation to racism that pervades the Australian society (Walton et al., 2014). It shows how the notions of racism are implanted in the mind of the Australian people from such a tender age that highlights the taboos and prevailing notion against the indigenous class. I think that the fact that he was victimized for having indigenous connections represent how human society is still dominated by notions of race that victimizes a group of people and strips them of their right of equality (Jonason, 2015). According to the Catholic social teaching, human life is sacred and dignity of human being sets the ground in the creation of a society that abides by moral principles. It conceives of a person being created in the image of God and so disrespecting the individual leads to the supreme creator not being respected (Grigg Manderson, 2016). The ethnic minority groups are represented within public debate and in politics by the opinion makers on their own terms who originate from that of the majority group. Racism does not merely refer to the overt form of social domination but it also refers to subtle forms that are expressed in relation to daily practice (Bodkin-Andrews Carlson, 2016). Research has shown that understanding impacts in relation to racism can be immensely helpful in developing anti-racism interventions. Impact in relation to racism that is perpetrated on the Aboriginal along with Torres Strait Islander are well-documented. I think that recognition of racism is an essential part of anti-racism education strategy. Silence along with denial act as the two major impediments in relation to countering racism within Australian society (Nelson, 2015). People who are subject of racial discrimination often stay silent regarding what has occurred. I think that they have the idea that racism cannot be done away with and hence accept the inferior position thrust on them by staying silent and not retaliating to the verbal slurs that are inflicted on them. It is found that the situation gets aggravated when racist behavior goes unchallenged because complaints are often ignored and denied (Dandy Pe-Pua, 2015). The true fabric of society can be understood by the way the vulnerable members of society are treated. I think that deprivation of poor affects a wide gamut of society and affects the whole community. I think that by paying special attention to the people who are marginalized the entire society can be redressed and it can lead the way in creating a just society. The needs of the poor should be taken into due consideration in order to create a just society based on the premises of equality. Education strategies that are anti-racist can help in curbing racism and there should be a trained Anti-Racism Contact Officer (ARCO) who can assist the parents and students in relation to complaints about racism. The principal of a school can select a member of teaching staff to become the ARCO of the school who has good mediation skills (Nelson, 2013). I think that they will be able to act as impartial facilitators in handling with the complaints. The state has an essential role to play and it sh ould ensure that the schools are appointing an ARCO so that the prejudices against racism are obliterated from the face of society. The state is an instrument that can ensure the promotion of human rights and help in building common good (Nelson, 2014). The government can play a pivotal role in removing the ugly thing called racism from the society. I think that it is important to understand the people of colour before forming an opinion on them (Whitmore, 2013). According to me, right amount of communication can help to resolve the conflict and remove the prejudice in relation to racial abuse. In order to seek clarity one should be asked for more information that can prove to be a stepping stone in removing differences. Any gaps in relation to knowledge should be bridged by asking for more information and one should be inquisitive one can reach a place of understanding (Massaro, 2015). According to Catholic Society Teaching, a healthy society can be created if the human rights are protected. Being a responsible citizen, I think that one should come forward and ask questions that can help in erasing doubts and lead to better understanding. I think that once a connection is established it would become easier to understand the perception and feelings of other people (Lewis, 2014). One should always step forward when any incident of racism is occurring and the racist assumptions should be challenged by revealing important facts along with that of evidence. I think that learning about racism can and supporting community events that are anti-racist can go a long way in minimizing the evil effect of racism within our social structure. Protests and rallies can be brought about that would talk about the importance of an equal society and how it can lead to the growth of the nation on the whole (Nelson, 2013). I think that making people conscious about the significance of a society where everyone is treated in a just manner can help in removing the wrong perceptions that one group of people have towards that of another group (Grigg Manderson, 2016). According to the Catholic Social Teaching, all workers have the right to earn decent wages under working conditions that are safe. There should not be any kind of discrimination in regard to people who belong to minority groups and this would help in creating a productive labour force where everyone would contribute to their utmost and lead to the development of the nation. I think that it would motivate all kinds of workers and engaging the employees can prove to be crucial in creating a harmonious society (Walton et al., 2014). There can be workers unions where people belonging to minority ethnic group can be members that would help in making sure that the voice of the minority is also represented and the decisions that are taken by the union would respect the opinion of the marginalized class (Forrest, Lean Dunn, 2016). References: Bodkin-Andrews, G., Carlson, B. (2016). The legacy of racism and Indigenous Australian identity within education.Race Ethnicity and Education,19(4), 784-807. Dandy, J., Pe-Pua, R. (2015). The refugee experience of social cohesion in Australia: Exploring the roles of racism, intercultural contact, and the media.Journal of Immigrant Refugee Studies,13(4), 339-357. Forrest, J., Lean, G., Dunn, K. (2016). Challenging racism through schools: teacher attitudes to cultural diversity and multicultural education in Sydney, Australia.Race Ethnicity and Education,19(3), 618-638. Grigg, K., Manderson, L. (2016). The Australian Racism, Acceptance, and Cultural-Ethnocentrism Scale (RACES): item response theory findings.International journal for equity in health,15(1), 49. Jonason, P. K. (2015). How dark personality traits and perceptions come together to predict racism in Australia.Personality and Individual Differences,72, 47-51. Lewis, V. B. (2014). DEMOCRACY AND CATHOLIC SOCIAL TEACHING: CONTINUITY, DEVELOPMENT, AND CHALLENGE.Studia Gilsoniana,3, 167-190. Massaro, T. (2015).Living justice: Catholic social teaching in action. Rowman Littlefield. Nelson, J. (2014). Place?defending and the denial of racism.Australian Journal of Social Issues,49(1), 67-85. Nelson, J. K. (2013). Denial of racism and its implications for local action.Discourse Society,24(1), 89-109. Nelson, J. K. (2015). Speakingracism and anti-racism: perspectives of local anti-racism actors.Ethnic and Racial Studies,38(2), 342-358. Walton, J., Priest, N., Kowal, E., White, F., Brickwood, K., Fox, B., Paradies, Y. (2014). Talking culture? Egalitarianism, color-blindness and racism in Australian elementary schools.Teaching and Teacher Education,39, 112-122. Whitmore, T. D. (2013). Catholic Social Teaching.Proceedings of the Catholic Theological Society of America,47.

Mistakes that Every Professor Hates to See in an Essay

Mistakes that Every Professor Hates to See in an Essay Writing essays is an integral part of students life. At times its challenging, and at times its are fun, but at all times, its a cumbersome core. This is especially because so much can go wrong with this task: grammatical errors, incorrect essay vocabulary, citing mistakes and plagiarism, to name a few. How many times have you feared showing your work to others simply because you were not sure if you missed out on some embarrassing errors, or failed to write a convincing essay that delivered the message effectively? If yes, then you probably know the perils of submitting essays rampant with common, embarrassing errors! Whether you are looking to write a book, or churn up great essays, this guide is sure to help you out! So, rather than facing the challenges blindly, take a glance at the following checklist of 5 mistakes that every professor hates to see in an essay. Mistake #1: Description Without Explanation As a student striving to pen down a persuasive essay, its natural to become obsessed with adverbs and adjectives and miss out on the explanation in the process. For example, you may be always describing people and the way they do certain things, like: My mother is beautiful. She is a good teacher as well. Now, this statement is wrong for a number of reasons. Your readers might ask: Why did you come to the conclusion that your mother is beautiful? What made you say that she teaches well?. So, bottomline is that you can very well go on filling your essay with strong adverbs and adjectives that sound pleasing to the ears, but the point still remains unclear. Solution: Do not describe people and things, instead explain the reason behind your description vividly. Do not describe the things they do and how they do, rather back up your statements with evidence to show exactly how they do those things. It is always advisable to quote examples, information, or evidence from authoritative sources. Now, take a look at the next sentence. My mother has sparkling blue eyes and flaming, red hair that makes her beautiful to behold. Moreover, she always encourages me to read and manages to explain even the toughest of things with alarming ease. Isnt this a lot clear than the previous sentence? Mistake #2: Passive Voice A sentence written in passive voice occurs when the main subject of the sentence does not perform the said action, rather the action is done on it by someone else. Professors believe that using the passive voice in an essay leads to awkward sentences and doesnt quite convey the thought very well. However, it is still acceptable when the action being performed deserves more attention than the main subject or doer of that action. Solution: Writing in active voice helps to capture the attention of the reader and makes your essay stronger by showing responsibility, or highlighting a certain action. By using the passive voice, you tend to avoid showing responsibility and hence fail to give enough information to explain the problem in detail. This is especially detrimental if the main core of your essay is centered around that problem/action. In order to change passive into active voice, start by recognizing the subject. Thereafter, make the verb of the same tense as that of the helper, and then end the sentence with the receiver of action. Consider the following example: Passive: The novel Black Friday was written by S.Hussain Zaidi. Active: S.Hussain Zaidi wrote the novel Black Friday. Mistake # 3: Missing Commas, Comma Splices Run-on Sentences These are common mistakes that even seasoned writers tend to make. When present in excess, they end up ruining the meaning of your essay and compromise readability, thereby causing your professor to just lose interest and give you a measly grade at the end. A comma splice occurs when you use a comma, instead of a semi-colon to join two independent clauses. A run-on sentence is one that combines two independent clauses without any proper punctuation, or conjunction. Commas are used to separate clauses from one another, and a series of items occurring in a sentence/list. Solution: When in doubt, run your essay on an essay checker in order to evaluate your use of commas properly. There are many ways to fix a run-on sentence and comma splice. For example, you can add a coordinating conjunction after the comma, like for, nor, but, yet, or, so, etc. Alternatively, you can change the comma to a semicolon as well, or change it into a period to end the sentence and thereby, divide the independent clauses into two complete sentences. When adding commas, keep in mind that they are used to form the structure of a sentence, as well as distinguish between key ideas and elements. Run-on sentence: Mark had disappeared he left his coat and sunglasses in the shop. Correct  form: Mark had disappeared. He left his coat and sunglasses in the shop. Comma splice: It was raining, our school was closed today. Correct form: It was raining; Our school was closed today.   Or It was raining, so our school was closed today. Mistake #4: Incomplete sentences Every complete sentence needs to have a verb and a subject. While, this may seem rather straightforward to comprehend, you will actually be surprised to know that even seasoned essay writers end up making this mistake in their regular assignments. The trouble happens when you begin constructing a complicated sentence, and then stop midway because you either forget to finish it, or dont know to give it a logical ending. Solution: Every sentence needs to be complete for clear communication and effective engagement of the reader. An easy way to know if your sentence is complete or not is to check if it expresses a complete thought in itself. You can read the sentence aloud for better clarity. When its incomplete, you will either feel like the sentence doesnt make sense, or that it has stopped with an abrupt or vague ending. Consider the following examples: Visited the museum. Walked in the park. Drank a glass of wine.   In all these sentences, the subjects are missing, and that is why they are incomplete   Correct forms: Jane visited the museum. Molly walked in the park. I drank a glass of wine.   Mistake # 5: Too Many Thoughts An essay should focus on one single thought, and your goal, as the writer should be to clarify the thought in the best possible manner. Having too many thoughts in the essay defeats the purpose of writing it in the first place. It also dodges the readers attention and comes across as a confused piece. For example, if you have been asked to write about your dream job, dont end up including irrelevant details like your previous summer vacation, or your mothers aspirations, or your future trip abroad. Alternatively, if the essay is argumentative in nature, do not include counterargument ideas, as they are largely irrelevant and go completely against your topic. Basically, you need to streamline your essay into a format that conveys a single idea in a compelling way. Solution: Whenever you get an essay topic, your first instinct is to brainstorm all the ideas, twists and angles that can be used to present it in the most engaging manner. At this stage, its important to sort out a single idea and build your write-up on it. So, the best way out is to simply focus on the question. When you are asked to describe your aspirations, dont spend half of the essay describing your fathers occupation, or your grandmothers last wish. Instead, come straight to the point. Describe your passions and give compact examples to prove just how passionate you are for your aspirations. Then again, its also completely fine to include a paragraph or two to give a background of the real theme. Another thing to keep in mind is that all your paragraphs should support the one idea/answer to the essay statement. And finally, steer clear of big words but dont use small words either. Just use the right words, and you will be fine. How to ensure this? Check whether every word in your sentence justifies your essay topic. Thats all. Also, edit ruthlessly. According to research, proofreading and essay editing reduce essay mistakes and enhance readability to a whopping 30%. So, if you are desperate to improve your grades and avoid running the risk of making all 5.mistakes that every professor hates to see in an essay, do follow the guide for your next assignment!

Free Essays on Ryan Phillipee

Ryan Phillippe â€Å"I think Ryan Phillippe is the real deal. He's the only next-generation guy I've met where I'm like, 'Yup, that guy is not a pretender,† said Joshua Jackson. In the beginning of Matthew Ryan Phillippe’s career he struggled, then he got his first big break, hit the big screen and got to marry the love of his life. Ryan is a dynamic actor, a family man and someone people could look up too. Ryan’s stardom didn’t just happen over night. In the beginning, Ryan led a normal life with a loving family and then he got a big break in Hollywood. Ryan was born on September 10, 1974. He grew up in New Castle, Delaware with three sisters. He had a normal childhood with typical parents. The story of how the angel-faced Phillippe broke into showbiz is when he was getting his curly blond hair trimmed at a local barbershop in his hometown; a stranger, who was struck by his looks, approached him. He encouraged Ryan to become an actor. Ryan’s looks are what got him into acting but his acting skills are what made him famous. Not many people get recognized this was by agents. He was designated for stardom. Just seven months later, 17 year old Ryan had his first job, â€Å"One Life To Live.† He played Billy Douglas, the first gay teenager on a soap opera. The TV world opened up many opportunities for him. Ryan also opened up the door to other soap operas. Ryanâ €™s normal childhood lead to rise to stardom. After struggling for a while, Ryan finally made the big screen. He decided to try film. His first film role was â€Å"Crimson Tide†, that was quickly followed by â€Å"Invader,† â€Å"White Squall,† and â€Å"Nowhere.† These films were interesting, but they were not star making roles. Ryan would have to make a couple more movies until he was the lead man and show off all of his talents. Ryan then worked on â€Å"I Know What You Did This Summer.† He took backseat role behind Freddie Prince Jr. and Jennifer Love Hewitt. He played an a... Free Essays on Ryan Phillipee Free Essays on Ryan Phillipee Ryan Phillippe â€Å"I think Ryan Phillippe is the real deal. He's the only next-generation guy I've met where I'm like, 'Yup, that guy is not a pretender,† said Joshua Jackson. In the beginning of Matthew Ryan Phillippe’s career he struggled, then he got his first big break, hit the big screen and got to marry the love of his life. Ryan is a dynamic actor, a family man and someone people could look up too. Ryan’s stardom didn’t just happen over night. In the beginning, Ryan led a normal life with a loving family and then he got a big break in Hollywood. Ryan was born on September 10, 1974. He grew up in New Castle, Delaware with three sisters. He had a normal childhood with typical parents. The story of how the angel-faced Phillippe broke into showbiz is when he was getting his curly blond hair trimmed at a local barbershop in his hometown; a stranger, who was struck by his looks, approached him. He encouraged Ryan to become an actor. Ryan’s looks are what got him into acting but his acting skills are what made him famous. Not many people get recognized this was by agents. He was designated for stardom. Just seven months later, 17 year old Ryan had his first job, â€Å"One Life To Live.† He played Billy Douglas, the first gay teenager on a soap opera. The TV world opened up many opportunities for him. Ryan also opened up the door to other soap operas. Ryanâ €™s normal childhood lead to rise to stardom. After struggling for a while, Ryan finally made the big screen. He decided to try film. His first film role was â€Å"Crimson Tide†, that was quickly followed by â€Å"Invader,† â€Å"White Squall,† and â€Å"Nowhere.† These films were interesting, but they were not star making roles. Ryan would have to make a couple more movies until he was the lead man and show off all of his talents. Ryan then worked on â€Å"I Know What You Did This Summer.† He took backseat role behind Freddie Prince Jr. and Jennifer Love Hewitt. He played an a...

List of US Presidents With Beards

List of US Presidents With Beards Five  U.S. presidents wore beards, but its been more than a century since anyone with facial hair served  in the White House. The last president to wear a full beard  in office was  Benjamin Harrison, who served from March 1889 to March 1893. Facial hair has all but disappeared from American politics. There are very few bearded politicians in Congress. Being clean-shaven wasnt always the norm, though. There are plenty of presidents with facial hair  in U.S. political history. Where did they all go? What happened to the beard? List of Presidents With Beards At least 11  presidents had facial hair, but only five had beards. 1. Abraham Lincoln was the first bearded president of the United States. But he might have entered office  clean-shaven  in March 1861 were it not from a letter from 11-year-old Grace Bedell of New York, who didnt like the way he looked on the  1860 campaign trail  without facial hair. Bedell wrote to Lincoln before the election: I have yet got four brothers and part of them will vote for you any way and if you let your whiskers grow I will try and get the rest of them to vote for you you would look a great deal better for your face is so thin. All the ladies like whiskers and they would tease their husbands to vote for you and then you would be President. Lincoln started growing a beard, and by the time he was elected and began his journey from Illinois to Washington in 1861 he had  grown the beard for which he is so remembered. One note, however: Lincolns beard was not actually a full beard. It was a chinstrap, meaning he shaved his upper lip. 2. Ulysses Grant was the second bearded president. Before he was elected, Grant was known to wear his beard in a manner that was described as both wild and shaggy during the Civil War. The style did not suit his wife, however, so he trimmed it back. Purists point out the Grant was the first  president  to wear a full beard compared to Lincolns chinstrap. In 1868, author James Sanks Brisbin described Grants facial hair this way: The whole of the lower part of the face is covered with a closely cropped reddish beard, and on the upper lip he wears a mustache, cut to match the beard. 3. Rutherford B. Hayes was the third bearded president. He reportedly wore the longest beard of the five bearded presidents, what some described as  Walt Whitman-ish. Hayes served as president from March 4, 1877 to March 4, 1881. 4. James Garfield was the fourth bearded president. His beard has been described as being similar to that of Rasputins, black with streaks of gray in it. 5. Benjamin Harrison was the fifth bearded president. He wore a beard the entire four years he was in the White House, from March 4, 1889, to March 4, 1893. He was the last president to wear a beard, one of the more notable elements of a relatively unremarkable tenure in office. Author OBrien Cormac wrote this of the president in his 2004 book  Secret Lives of the U.S. Presidents: What Your Teachers Never Told You About the Men of the White House: Harrison may not be the most memorable chief executive in American history, but he did, in fact, embody the end of an era: He was the last president to have a beard. Several other presidents wore facial hair but not beards. They are: John Quincy Adams, who wore mutton chops.Chester Arthur, who wore a mustache and mutton chops.Martin Van Buren, who wore mutton chops.Grover Cleveland, who wore a mustache.Theodore Roosevelt, who wore a mustache.William Taft, who wore a mustache. Why Modern Day Presidents Don't Wear Facial Hair The last  major-party candidate with a beard to even  run for president  was Republican Charles Evans Hughes in 1916. He lost. The beard, like every fad, fades and re-emerges in popularity. Lincoln, perhaps Americas most famous bearded politician, was the first president to wear a beard in office. But he began his candidacy clean-shaven and only grew his facial hair at the request of an 11-year-old schoolgirl, Grace Bedell. Times have changed, though. Very few people beg political candidates, presidents or members of Congress to grow facial hair since the 1800s. The New Statesman summed up the state of facial hair since then: Bearded men enjoyed all of the privileges of bearded women. Beards, Hippies, and Communists In 1930, three decades after the invention of the safety razor made shaving safe and easy, the author Edwin Valentine Mitchell wrote, In this regimented age the simple possession of a beard is enough to mark as curious any young man who has the courage to grow one. After the 1960s, when beards were popular among hippies, facial hair grew even more unpopular among politicians, many of whom wanted to distance themselves from the counterculture. There were very few bearded politicians in politics because candidates and elected officials did not want to be portrayed as either Communists or hippies, according to Slate.coms Justin Peters. For many years, wearing a full beard marked you as the sort of fellow who had Das Kapital stashed somewhere on his person, Peters wrote in 2012. In the 1960s, the more-or-less concurrent rise of Fidel Castro in Cuba and student radicals at home reinforced the stereotype of beard-wearers as America-hating no-goodniks. The stigma persists to this day: No candidate wants to risk alienating elderly voters with a gratuitous resemblance to Wavy Gravy. Author A.D. Perkins, writing in his 2001 book One Thousand Beards: a Cultural History of Facial Hair, notes that modern-day politicians are routinely instructed by their advisers and other handlers to remove all traces of facial hair before launching a campaign for fear of resembling Lenin and Stalin (or Marx for that matter).  Perkins concludes: The beard has been the kiss of death for Western politicians ...   Bearded Politicians in Modern Day The absence of bearded politicians has not gone unnoticed. In 2013 a group called the Bearded Entrepreneurs for the Advancement of a Responsible Democracy launched a political action committee whose aim is to support political candidates with both a full beard, and a savvy mind full of growth-oriented policy positions that will move our great nation towards a more lush and magnificent future. The BEARD PAC claimed that individuals with the dedication to grow and maintain a quality beard are the kinds of individuals that would show dedication to the job of public service. Said BEARD PAC founder Jonathan Sessions: With the resurgence of beards in popular culture and among today’s younger generation, we believe the time is now to bring facial hair back into politics. The BEARD PAC determines whether to offer financial support to a political campaign only after submitting the candidate to its review committee, which investigates the quality and longevity of their beards.

Outline for Research Proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Outline for Proposal - Research Paper Example PAYDAY LOAN SERVICES IN A CONVENIENCE STORE Problem statement The writer will explore the feasibility of establishing a Payday loan service in Topeka, Kansas. The feasibility includes exploring options of locating the payday loan service in a convenience store that is accessible. The room will have a counter for disbursing funds and maintaining records. Research will include state and local requirements for establishing payday loan service as a sole proprietorship, competitors’ analysis for internal assessment for crafting payday loan service strategies, and a market analysis to study the lending rates and charges in relation to pay loan services in Kansas State. Research questions 1. Who are the users of payday loans? 2. Do the payday loans solve their financial problems? 3. What is the eligibility for obtaining a payday loan? 4. Who are the competitors in the market? Purpose statement To promote access to diverse, healthy and comprehensive financial services for households i n Kansas. This will be through offering cost-effective loan rates and innovative methods of loan applications for customer convenience. Literature Review What is a payday loan? Payday lending business will provide short terms loans for a maximum period of two weeks, to households who are in need of money or individuals that do not opt for other sources of credit.Caskey and John (2012), define a payday loan service as a loan gotten from a business that is not a bank. Thesebusinesses operate under different titles and take postdated checks as collateral. Hodson (2009) describes a payday loan as a short term borrowing where the borrower borrows money at a high interest rate. The borrower writes a postdated personal cheque in the month they wish to borrow including a fee in exchange for cash. The borrower does hold onto the cheques and cashes it on the agreed upon date. How pay day works The borrower visits a lending store and secures cash, which is due in full at the borrower’s next pay day. The borrower then writes a post dated cheque with the full amount including the fees. Upon maturity of the check, the borrower returns the loan and if he fails to, the lender redeems the cheque.The borrower incurs a bounced cheque fee from his bank plus the cost of the loan. The loan incurs additional fees and an increased interest rate for failure to pay (Schurter, 2012). The writer will have well laid down policies that govern mutual understanding between the business and the borrower, in that the borrower will pay the amount by the next pay day which will be after 14 days. Eligibility to qualify for the loan will be for persons with steady jobs and persons above the age of 18 years. This will be verified via pay stubs and bank statements. The process of loan involves the borrower securing a small cash loan pay, he then writes a postdated cheque which is a form of collateral to the business in the full amount plus loan fees to the business. When the cheque matures, t he borrower returns to the business to pay the loan in person. Advantages of payday loans Research by Payday Loan (2013) supports the merits that payday loans offer to its users. This service allows people with little no credit to get credit of $700 and above in a day. Less bureaucracy in application as the applicant only needs to provide proof of employment and recent pay stubs. Payday loans does offer quick cash for any reason and less paperwork is involved in the application as the

Controls for Information Technology and Reporting and Evaluation Essay

Controls for Information Technology and Reporting and Evaluation - Essay Example ove-mentioned company implements real-time compliance tools to obtain company-wide data through one and only one source of information, which is its database. These tools notify the management about any compliance problems, and tend to provide accurate and timely information, making the company more open to the varying business requirements. These tools also help the management to prepare reliable financial statements. Apart from the real-time compliance tools, my company implements all the five components of internal control: control environment, risk assessment, information and communication systems, control activities, and monitoring. To evaluate the internal controls, it is first important to understand the definition of internal control; organize a project team to conduct the evaluation; evaluate internal control at the entity level; understand and evaluate internal control at the process, transaction, or application level; and, evaluate overall effectiveness, identify matters for improvement, and establish monitoring system. The criteria against which the internal controls of my company are to be evaluated is the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which requires that the management must include an internal control reporting assessment with its annual report. My company uses AICPA/CICA Trust Services framework in their IT-based work, as an information systems auditor, to evaluate internal controls over information technology. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that I, as a manager of internal controls, should include a statement of my responsibility for implementing and maintaining proper internal controls, along with a report that should summarize how effective these internal controls have been through the year, in the company’s annual report. The Act also requires me to submit a report that summarizes the framework that I use to evaluate the internal controls, along with a statement or report that states that an external auditor has issued

Language of Abigails Party Emily Huntley Essay Example for Free

Language of Abigails Party Emily Huntley Essay Mike Leigh used to be one of a kind, famous for creating movies through an unusual process that involves extensive rehearsals and improvisations with his actors; a process that begins weeks before anyone picks up a camera. In each of his plays, he has depicted the often-uneventful lives of ordinary people. The results are always far from conventional. And it is through his success that many directors are now using his techniques to capture the texture of everyday life. Leigh achieves this commonness in the majority through his language, although the whole play is based on naturalism, he uses this technique to capture the essence of each characters persona. I think this technique is particularly successful, as the audience finds it easy to relate themselves to the evening unravelling before them, and manage to put themselves in the situations of the characters. Lawrence My first impression of Lawrence was that he was an well-educated, cultured man, who was simply a good social mixer but this is the aim of Leigh. He wanted the audience to believe the opposite of Lawrence and then have their thoughts dashed. In a way I believe that this makes the audience feel vulnerable as if theyve been deceived and they then seek comfort in one of the other characters which seem simple and honest and therefore they find themselves delving into the play further. Lawrence speaks in a polite and precise manner Ah, yes-now, when would you be best for you? No, no, Ill fall in with you, Mrs Cushing. (Page 2) this enforces the idea of him being a well brought up man and hopefully in his eyes achieving the idea that his guests consider him of a high social class. Leigh also used the language of the character Lawrence to make him persuasive and condescending, I dont only like Minis-I like lots of other cars. But I find the Mini economical, efficient and reliable. (Page 8) this is a good example of the rule of 3 a strong persuasive technique, this is how he enforces his ideas on others and appears so domineering and always seems to be right as no one has the courage to object. Generally Lawrences speech is direct and focused, he speaks when spoken to and rarely initiates a conversation, unless asking probing questions to prove his wealth and class over the other guests You have a car, do you? (Page 8). Although Lawrences vocabulary is relatively simple, he still uses this to his advantage by trying to better himself and prove his supposedly higher social status Macbeth. Part of our heritage. This also links to Lawrences frequent name dropping this is in an attempt to try and appear culturally educated, with references to Van Gogh Shakespeare Lowry etc. Lawrence also frequently uses questions in his dialect, this is to distract guests from a previous topic that may be a bit uncomfortable for him, and so that he feels as though he is remaining control, he can choose what subject to initiate a conversation with Youve got footballers legs, though, havent you? Talking of Paris, Sue, do you like art? Another technique Leigh used in Lawrences character, are put-downs. This is achieved by the use of rhetorical questions. What would you know about taste? (Page 48). And also by repetition of the persons name who hes talking to. Ive seen to the drinks, thank you, Beverly! (Page 42), in this is example it is used as a put down to remind Beverly to look around and compose herself. Throughout the play, Leigh rarely uses poetic language or imagery, with few metaphors and no symbolism. Lawrence is a prime example of this as he is a simple dialect character. Beverly When I initially read the play, I thought the whole plot pivoted around Beverly and how bad a hostess she was. I later found this not to be true. After seeing the play I realised that Beverly is actually a very good host, this is proved when she leaves the room, and the conversation withers. She also dominates the play, with her monologues, and comical mickey taking of Lawrence. In Abigails Party Beverly is the only character to frequently swear with no apparent acknowledgement for her guests. Oh sod off Lawrence (Page 49). This although may be offensive to some, shows the extreme contrast between the nouveaux riches and the true middle class, such as Sue. Throughout the play Beverly uses a patronising tone, but I feel this isnt a condescending technique, but rather being too honest Please dont be offended when I say this, but, youre wearing a very pretty dress, If I may say so; now, you see that pink ribbon down the front? If youd chosen, Ang, a colour slightly nearer that pink, I think it would have blended more with your skin tones; (Page 10). In this example, I feel that she is trying to make Ang feel better in herself. Although this does prove how materialistic Bev is as she thinks that making yourself look better solves all problems. Beverly babbles incessantly, is garrulous, and uses a lot of personal anecdotes in her dialect. Now my bloke had told me to turn left, right? Now we come to the first give way, and the bloke in front slammed his brakes on. Now, Im going behind him and I suppose Im going a little bit too quick with me nerves; so I slam on my brakes and I went slap into the back of him. (Page 9). This is a clear example of Beverlys long and complex sentences, although she also uses short simple sentences Lawrence youre going to get heartburn (Page 2). Beverly is also very colloquial in the way that she speaks, and this makes it easier for the audience to familiarise themselves with her. Similarly to Lawrence, Beverly also name drops to appear culturally educated Beaujolais (Page 11) although from the quote Oh its Beaujolais. Fantastic! Wont be a sec, Ill just pop it in the fridge.'(Page 11) You can tell that Bev clearly has no idea about wine etc. like we originally thought. Generally speaking Beverly is the main character to initiate conversation, she keeps everyone involved and the conversation flowing. She also reiterates a lot to confirm and seek approval, assurance and affirmation. Beverly has a few peculiarities of speech, including the adjectives Great and Fantastic. These are character phrases enable the audience to link these certain words to her, and expect them, I feel this makes the audience feel more at ease with Bev, or simply more irritated by her. Similarly to Lawrence, Beverly also never uses imagery, symbolism, metaphors or poetic language. But unsurprisingly for her character there are frequent sexual innuendoes Hes got a firm handshake, hasnt he? (Page 5) Tone, you cant do much with a bed-head, can you? (Page 7). Angela As a person, Ang is a simple and satisfied working class newly wed. Her sentences can be long, but this is purely due to her rambling and not knowing when to stop. Oh, what a lovely table. This is just what we need. Its the next thing were going to get. Cos at the moment were eating off our knees. Its unusual, isnt it with the wooden top and modern legs. (Page 22) Her conversation seems to be pretty pointless as she doesnt seem to have anything of any value to add to the discussion. But similarly to Bev she also includes simple sentences to make her dialect feel more naturalistic. When comparing the characters I think it is possible to state that Ang is the most colloquial of all of them, as she is most informal, and although her grammar is a little shakey it seems to be easier for the audience to accept her on face value as she is too honest and genuine to be hiding anything. Ang uses questions to seek assurance, and also to encourage people to engage with her, as it provokes a response. Isnt she? Ang uses personal anecdotes to inform the audience of her character, although the comic element that Leigh included was how she seems completely oblivious to her boundaries, and therefore makes herself look foolish. Tony had a bad experience in an Indian restaurant this was before I knew himHe had a nasty dose of gastro-enteritis after hed had a curry, and you see that put him off. (Page 25). This medical reference shows hoe educated she is and reflects her job as a nurse. I feel it is the fact that Ang is too blunt and open to use any form of innuendoes, or symbolism, that makes it so easy for the audience to accept her. Tony Tony is a very reserved character; he rarely uses full sentences, but rather one-word replies, this makes him appear constrained and unnatural which is why I believe it is not so surprising when he raises his voice at Ang as the audience can see the tension building inside him. He never initiates conversation, as that would mean replies to more questions. He often uses slang, or colloquial language top ta. Leigh also included various imperative or instructive verbs leave it stand up turn that fucking record off (Page 51), but these are only ever commanded at Ang, and explains why the audience and guests never agree with Ang when she seems to find him domineering. Tonys humour seems to be very dry in that he finds his own things funny, rather than sharing a universal joke. Tony is the only character to use silence as a defence and attack mechanism. As weve seen with Bev and Lawrence theyd rather shout at each other to resolve problems. Tony uses silence to create a tension and most of ten with Ang and therefore making her look stupid, in front of their company, clearly showing an imbalance in their relationship. Sue It is clear from the beginning of the play that Sue is of the highest social class in the group. Originally I though Sue was a well brought up and highly well mannered person, but when studying the play I realised the opposite. I felt that Sue is very rude and off-putting to the people around her as she has a lack of curiosity, she doesnt seem to show any interest in them and clearly doesnt want them to show any in her. She only speaks when spoken to, and never repays the question. When she does answer questions its always unexpansive, short; clipt one-word answers Yes. It is clear from her dialect that she is uncomfortable and intimidated by the other characters. Her language is very unnatural and similar to that of a guide book. Her vocabulary is old fashioned, formal, and grammar school style. Darent Arent. Otherwise its quite simple and easily understood so it doesnt require any explanations. She never uses colloquial or slang vocabulary. She rarely uses questions in her dialogue as this would initiate conversation. She keeps herself to herself and doesnt want to probe or get involved into either of the troublesome marriages in front of her. Her character phrases seem to be reliant on her politeness Yes please No thank you. It is possible to say that she is trapped by her own politeness, She doesnt have the nerve to leave the party, which she clearly doesnt want to be at. Throughout the play she remains completely unassertive right until the end when her guard drops, and she tells Bev to Shut up (Page 53). Language is a key tool that all playwrights use to distinguish the differences and similarities between each of the characters. The character phrases and accents help the audience to realise the different backgrounds and diversity of the characters. Contributing to the visual aspects, lines give a sense of place and person and how the characters interact with one another.

Dracula :: essays research papers

GROWING UP, MANY CHILDREN HEAR TALES OF THE FAMOUS DRACULA STORY. AS A MATTER OF FACT, THE CHARACTER OF DRACULA IS A COMMON HALLOWEEN COSTUME AMONGST CHILDREN. WHEN I PICKED UP THIS BOOK AND READ THE TITLE, MY FIRST REACTION WAS THAT I WAS FAMILIAR WITH THE TITLE. ALTHOUGH I HAD NEVER BEFORE READ BRAM STOKER’S NOVEL DRACULA, I KNEW RIGHT AWAY THAT THIS STORY INCLUDED A VAMPIRE AS THE VILLIAN. THE FIRST TWO CHAPTERS OF THIS NOVEL WERE ALREADY FILLED WITH SUSPENSE THAT GAVE ME THE FEUL TO CONTINUE ON WITH READING THE ENTIRE BOOK. AFTER READING THESE TWO CHAPTERS, I WAS SURPRISED THAT THE AUTHOR CUT RIGHT TO THE CHASE. BRAM STOKER DID NOT HESITATE TO MAKE IT SUSPENSEFUL TO KEEP THE READER GOING. JONATHAN HARKER’S FIRST ASSIGHNMENT AS A PROFESSIONAL LAWYER IS TO MEET WITH COUNT DRACULAR AT HIS CASTLE IN TRANSYLVANIA ON BEHALF OF CONCLUDING A DEAL WITH THE PURCHASE OF AN ENGLISH ESTATE. THERE IS ALSO A LITTLE BIT OF FORESHADOWING IN THE FIRST TWO CHAPTERS. FOR EXAMPLE, BEFORE JONATHAN GOES TO THE CASTLE, HE STAYS IN A HOTEL THAT WAS SELECTED BY COUNT DRACULA. RIGHT BEFORE JONATHAN LEAVES THIS HOTEL, THE INNKEEPER’S WIFE PRESSES A CRUCIFIX ON HIS HEAD ON THE EVE OF ST.GEORGES DAY. WHEN HE ASKS HER WHAT ST. GEORGES DAY IS, SHE REPLIES WITH, â€Å"ALL EVIL THINGS IN THE WORLD WILL HAVE FULL SWAY.† IF I HAD AN OPORTUNITY TO BECOME A FRIEND OF JONATHAN HARKERS’, I WOULD NOT TURN IT DOWN. JONATHAN SEEMS LIKE AN AVERAGE MAN. I WOULD ALSO FEEL SAFE BEING WITH HIM BECAUSE OF SOME OF THE COURAGES THINGS HE ACHIEVES IN THIS NOVEL. MY FAVORITE SCENE IN THIS NOVEL WAS TOWARDS THE END IN CHAPTER 27. THIS IS WHEN DRACULA FINALLY PAYS THE PRICE AFTER THE EVIL HE USED ON MANY INNOCENT PEOPLE. JONATHAN IS VERY BRAVE AND SLITS THE COUNT’S THROAT. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THIS, QUINCEY DRIVES A BOWIE KNIFE INTO THE VAMPIRE’S HEART. THIS NOVEL PORTRAYED MANY CONFLICTS BOTH MINOR AND MAJOR. ONE OF THE MINOR CONFLICTS IS WHEN JONATHAN SECRETLY PASSES A LETTER TO HIS LOVE MINA MURRAY OUT THE WINDOW TO ONE OF THE THREE GYPSIES WHILE THEY WERE LEAVING THE CASTLE. THE GYPSY WHO RECEIVED THE LETTER BROUGHT IT STRAIGHT TO THE COUNT. AS A RESULT THE COUNT HAS A TALK WITH JONATHAN. HE SAYS, â€Å"A VILE THING, AN OUT RAGE UPON FRIENDSHIP AND HOSPALITY.

Ansys Tutorial Release 12.1

 ® ANSYS Tutorial Release 12. 1 Structural & Thermal Analysis Using the ANSYS Release 12. 1 Environment Kent L. Lawrence Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Texas at Arlington SDC PUBLICATIONS www. SDCpublications. com Schroff Development Corporation Visit the following websites to learn more about this book: ANSYS Tutorial 2-1 Lesson 2 Plane Stress Plane Strain 2-1 OVERVIEW Plane stress and plane strain problems are an important subclass of general threedimensional problems. The tutorials in this lesson demonstrate:  ¦Solving planar stress concentration problems. Evaluating potential inaccuracies in the solutions.  ¦Using the various ANSYS 2D element formulations. 2-2 INTRODUCTION It is possible for an object such as the one on the cover of this book to have six components of stress when subjected to arbitrary three-dimensional loadings. When referenced to a Cartesian coordinate system these components of stress are: Normal Stresses ?x, ? y, ? z Shear Stresses ? xy, ? yz, ? zx Figure 2-1 Stresses in 3 dimensions. In general, the analysis of such objects requires three-dimensional modeling as discussed in Lesson 4.However, two-dimensional models are often easier to develop, easier to solve and can be employed in many situations if they can accurately represent the behavior of the object under loading. 2-2 ANSYS Tutorial A state of Plane Stress exists in a thin object loaded in the plane of its largest dimensions. Let the X-Y plane be the plane of analysis. The non-zero stresses ? x, ? y, and ? xy lie in the X – Y plane and do not vary in the Z direction. Further, the other stresses (? z,? yz , and ? zx ) are all zero for this kind of geometry and loading.A thin beam loaded in its plane and a spur gear tooth are good examples of plane stress problems. ANSYS provides a 6-node planar triangular element along with 4-node and 8-node quadrilateral elements for use in the development of plane stress models. We will use both triangles and qua ds in solution of the example problems that follow. 2-3 PLATE WITH CENTRAL HOLE To start off, let’s solve a problem with a known solution so that we can check our computed results as well as our understanding of the FEM process. The problem is that of a tensile-loaded thin plate with a central hole as shown in Figure 2-2.Figure 2-2 Plate with central hole. The 1. 0 m x 0. 4 m plate has a thickness of 0. 01 m, and a central hole 0. 2 m in diameter. It is made of steel with material properties; elastic modulus, E = 2. 07 x 1011 N/m2 and Poisson’s ratio, ? = 0. 29. We apply a horizontal tensile loading in the form of a pressure p = -1. 0 N/m2 along the vertical edges of the plate. Because holes are necessary for fasteners such as bolts, rivets, etc, the need to know stresses and deformations near them occurs very often and has received a great deal of study.The results of these studies are widely published, and we can look up the stress concentration factor for the case s hown above. Before the advent of suitable computation methods, the effect of most complex stress concentration geometries had to be evaluated experimentally, and many available charts were developed from experimental results. The uniform, homogeneous plate above is symmetric about horizontal axes in both geometry and loading. This means that the state of stress and deformation below a Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-3 orizontal centerline is a mirror image of that above the centerline, and likewise for a vertical centerline. We can take advantage of the symmetry and, by applying the correct boundary conditions, use only a quarter of the plate for the finite element model. For small problems using symmetry may not be too important; for large problems it can save modeling and solution efforts by eliminating one-half or a quarter or more of the work. Place the origin of X-Y coordinates at the center of the hole. If we pull on both ends of the plate, points on the centerlines will move al ong the centerlines but not perpendicular to them.This indicates the appropriate displacement conditions to use as shown below. Figure 2-3 Quadrant used for analysis. In Tutorial 2A we will use ANSYS to determine the maximum horizontal stress in the plate and compare the computed results with the maximum value that can be calculated using tabulated values for stress concentration factors. Interactive commands will be used to formulate and solve the problem. 2-4 TUTORIAL 2A – PLATE Objective: Find the maximum axial stress in the plate with a central hole and compare your result with a computation using published stress concentration factor data.PREPROCESSING 1. Start ANSYS, select the Working Directory where you will store the files associated with this problem. Also set the Jobname to Tutorial2A or something memorable and provide a Title. (If you want to make changes in the Jobname, working Directory, or Title after you’ve started ANSYS, use File > Change Jobname or Di rectory or Title. ) Select the six node triangular element to use for the solution of this problem. 2-4 ANSYS Tutorial Figure 2-4 Six-node triangle. The six-node triangle is a sub-element of the eight-node quadrilateral. 2.Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Add > Structural Solid > Quad 8node 183 > OK Figure 2-5 Element selection. Select the triangle option and the option to define the plate thickness, otherwise a unit thickness is used. 3. Options (Element shape K1) > Triangle, Options (Element behavior K3) > Plane strs w/thk > OK > Close Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-5 Figure 2-6 Element options. 4. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete > Add > OK Figure 2-7 Real constants. Enter the plate thickness of 0. 01 m. ) >Enter 0. 01 > OK > Close Figure 2-8 Enter the plate thickness. 2-6 ANSYS Tutorial Enter the material properties. 5. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models Material Model Number 1, click Structural > Line ar > Elastic > Isotropic Enter EX = 2. 07E11 and PRXY = 0. 29 > OK (Close the Define Material Model Behavior window. ) Create the geometry for the upper right quadrant of the plate by subtracting a 0. 2 m diameter circle from a 0. 5 x 0. 2 m rectangle. Generate the rectangle first. . Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Rectangle > By 2 Corners Enter (lower left corner) WP X = 0. 0, WP Y = 0. 0 and Width = 0. 5, Height = 0. 2 > OK 7. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Circle > Solid Circle Enter WP X = 0. 0, WP Y = 0. 0 and Radius = 0. 1 > OK Figure 2-9 Create areas. Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-7 Figure 2-10 Rectangle and circle. Now subtract the circle from the rectangle. (Read the messages in the window at the bottom of the screen as necessary. ) 8.Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Subtract > Areas > Pick the rectangle > OK, then pick the circle > OK (Use Raise Hidden and Reset Picking as necessary. ) Figure 2-11 Geo metry for quadrant of plate. Create a mesh of triangular elements over the quadrant area. 9. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free Pick the quadrant > OK Figure 2-12 Triangular element mesh. Apply the displacement boundary conditions and loads to the geometry (lines) instead of the nodes as we did in the previous lesson.These conditions will be applied to the FEM model when the solution is performed. 10. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Lines Pick the left edge of the quadrant > OK > UX = 0. > OK 2-8 ANSYS Tutorial 11. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Lines Pick the bottom edge of the quadrant > OK > UY = 0. > OK Apply the loading. 12. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Lines.Pick the right edge of the quadrant > OK > Pressure = -1. 0 > OK (A positive pressure would be a compressive load, so we use a nega tive pressure. The pressure is shown by the two arrows. ) Figure 2-13 Model with loading and displacement boundary conditions. The model-building step is now complete, and we can proceed to the solution. First, to be safe, save the model. 13. Utility Menu > File > Save as Jobname. db (Or Save as †¦. ; use a new name) SOLUTION The interactive solution proceeds as illustrated in the tutorials of Lesson 1. 14. Main Menu > Solution > Solve > Current LS > OKThe /STATUS Command window displays the problem parameters and the Solve Current Load Step window is shown. Check the solution options in the /STATUS window and if all is OK, select File > Close In the Solve Current Load Step window, select OK, and when the solution is complete, Close the ‘Solution is Done! ’ window. POSTPROCESSING We can now plot the results of this analysis and also list the computed values. First examine the deformed shape. 15. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Deformed Shape > Def. + Undef. > OK Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-9 Figure 2-14 Plot of Deformed shape.The deformed shape looks correct. (The undeformed shape is indicated by the dashed lines. ) The right end moves to the right in response to the tensile load in the X direction, the circular hole ovals out, and the top moves down because of Poisson’s effect. Note that the element edges on the circular arc are represented by straight lines. This is an artifact of the plotting routine not the analysis. The six-node triangle has curved sides, and if you pick on a mid-side of one these elements, you will see that a node is placed on the curved edge. The maximum displacement is shown on the graph legend as 0. 2e-11 which seems reasonable. The units of displacement are meters because we employed meters and N/m2 in the problem formulation. Now plot the stress in the X direction. 16. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Element Solu > Stress > X-Component of stress > OK Use PlotCtrls > Symbols [/PSF] Surface Load Symbols (set to Pressures) and Show pre and convect as (set to Arrows) to display the pressure loads. Figure 2-15 Surface load symbols. Also select Display All Applied BCs 2-10 ANSYS Tutorial Figure 2-16 Element SX stresses.The minimum, SMN, and maximum, SMX, stresses as well as the color bar legend give an overall evaluation of the ? x (SX) stress state. We are interested in the maximum stress at the hole. Use the Zoom to focus on the area with highest stress. (Your meshes and results may differ a bit from those shown here. ) Figure 2-17 SX stress detail. Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-11 Stress variations in the actual isotropic, homogeneous plate should be smooth and continuous across elements. The discontinuities in the SX stress contours above indicate that the number of elements used in this model is oo few to calculate with complete accuracy the stress values near the hole because of the stress gradients there. We will not accept this stress solu tion. More six-node elements are needed in the region near the hole to find accurate values of the stress. On the other hand, in the right half of the model, away from the stress riser, the calculated stress contours are smooth, and SX would seem to be accurately determined there. It is important to note that in the plotting we selected Element Solu (Element Solution) in order to look for stress contour discontinuities.If you pick Nodal Solu to plot instead, for problems like the one in this tutorial, the stress values will be averaged before plotting, and any contour discontinuities (and thus errors) will be hidden. If you plot nodal solution stresses you will always see smooth contours. A word about element accuracy: The FEM implementation of the truss element is taken directly from solid mechanics studies, and there is no approximation in the solutions for node-loaded truss structures formulated and solved in the ways discussed in Lesson 1.The continuum elements such as the ones for plane stress and plane strain, on the other hand, are normally developed using displacement functions of a polynomial type to represent the displacements within the element, and the higher the polynomial, the greater the accuracy. The ANSYS six-node triangle uses a quadratic polynomial and is capable of representing linear stress and strain variations within an element. Near stress concentrations the stress gradients vary quite sharply. To capture this variation, the number of elements near the stress concentrations must be increased proportionately.To obtain more elements in the model, return to the Preprocessor and refine the mesh, first remove the pressure. All elements are subdivided and the mesh below is created 17. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Delete > Structural > Pressure > On Lines. Pick the right edge of the quadrant. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Modify Mesh > Refine At > All (Select Level of refinement 1. ) Figure 2-18 Global mesh refineme nt. 2-12 ANSYS Tutorial We will also refine the mesh selectively near the hole. 18.Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Modify Mesh > Refine At > Nodes. (Select the three nodes shown. ) > OK (Select the Level of refinement = 1) > OK Figure 2-19 Selective refinement at nodes. (Note: Alternatively you can use Preprocessor > Meshing > Clear > Areas to remove all elements and build a completely new mesh. Plot > Areas afterwards to view the area again. Note also that too much local refinement can create a mesh with too rapid a transition between fine and coarse mesh regions. ) Reapply the pressure loading, repeat the solution, and replot the stress SX. 9. Main Menu > Solution > Solve > Current LS > OK Save your work. 20. File > Save as Jobname. db Plot the stresses in the X direction. 21. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Element Solu > Stress > X-Component of stress > OK Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-13 Figure 2-20 SX stress contour after mesh refinement. Figu re 2-21 SX stress detail contour after mesh refinement. The element solution stress contours are now smooth across element boundaries, and the stress legend shows a maximum value of 4. 386 Pa, a 4. percent change in the SX stress computed using the previous mesh. To check this result, find the stress concentration factor for this problem in a text or reference book or from a suitable web site. For the geometry of this example we find Kt = 2. 17. We can compute the maximum stress using (Kt)(load)/(net cross sectional area). Using the pressure p = 1. 0 Pa we obtain. ? x MAX = 2. 17 * p * (0. 4)(0. 01) /[(0. 4 ? 0. 2) * 0. 01] = 4. 34 Pa 2-14 ANSYS Tutorial The computed maximum value is 4. 39 Pa which is around one percent in error, assuming that the value of Kt is exact. -5 THE APPROXIMATE NATURE OF FEM As mentioned above, the stiffness matrix for the truss elements of Lesson 1 can be developed directly and simply from elementary solid mechanics principles. For continuum problems in t wo and three-dimensional stress, this is generally no longer possible, and the element stiffness matrices are usually developed by assuming something specific about the characteristics of the displacements that can occur within an element. Ordinarily this is done by specifying the highest degree of the polynomial that governs the displacement distribution within an element.For h-method elements, the polynomial degree depends upon the number of nodes used to describe the element, and the interpolation functions that relate displacements within the element to the displacements at the nodes are called shape functions. In ANSYS, 2-dimensional problems can be modeled with six-node triangles, four-node quadrilaterals or eight-node quadrilaterals. Figure 2-22 Triangular and quadrilateral elements. The greater the number of nodes, the higher the order of the polynomial and the greater the accuracy in describing displacements, stresses and strains within the element. If the stress is constan t throughout a region, a very imple model is sufficient to describe the stress state, perhaps only one or two elements. If there are gradients in the stress distributions within a region, high-degree displacement polynomials and/or many elements are required to accurately analyze the situation. These comments explain the variation in the accuracy of the results as different numbers of elements were used to solve the problem in the previous tutorial and why the engineer must carefully prepare a model, start with small models, grow the models as understanding of the problem develops and carefully interpret the calculated results.The ease with which models can be prepared and solved sometimes leads to careless evaluation of the computed results. Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-15 2-6 ANSYS FILES The files created during the solution were saved in step 20 of Tutorial 2A. Look in the working directory and you see Tutorial2A files with extensions BCS, db, dbb, esav, full, mntr, rst, and sta t. However, the Tutorial 2A problem can be reloaded using only Tutorial2A. db, so if you want to save disk space, you can delete the others. 2-7 ANSYS GEOMETRY The finite element model consists of elements and nodes and is separate from the geometry on which it may be based.It is possible to build the finite element model without consideration of any underlying geometry as was done in the truss examples of Lesson 1, but in many cases, development of the geometry is the first task. Two-dimensional geometry in ANSYS is built from keypoints, lines (straight, arcs, splines), and areas. These geometric items are assigned numbers and can be listed, numbered, manipulated, and plotted. The keypoints (2,3,4,5,6), lines (2,3,5,9,10), and area (3) for Tutorial 2A are shown below. (Your numbering may differ. ) Figure 2-23 Keypoints, lines and areas.The finite element model developed previously for this part used the area A3 for development of the node/element FEM mesh. The loads, displacement b oundary conditions and pressures were applied to the geometry lines. When the solution step was executed, the loads were transferred from the lines to the FEM model nodes. Applying boundary conditions and loads to the geometry facilitates remeshing the problem. The geometry does not change, only the number and location of nodes and elements, and at solution time, the loads are transferred to the new mesh.Geometry can be created in ANSYS interactively (as was done in the previous tutorial) or it can be created by reading a text file. For example, the geometry of Tutorial 2A can be generated with the following text file using the File > Read Input from command sequence. (The keypoint, line, etc. numbers will be different from those shown above. ) 2-16 ANSYS Tutorial /FILNAM,Geom /title, Stress Concentration Geometry ! Example of creating geometry using keypoints, lines, arcs /prep7 ! Create geometry k, 1, 0. 0, 0. 0 ! Keypoint 1 is at 0. 0, 0. 0 k, 2, 0. 1, 0. 0 , 3, 0. 5, 0. 0 k, 4, 0. 5, 0. 2 k, 5, 0. 0, 0. 2 k, 6, 0. 0, 0. 1 L, L, L, L, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3 4 5 6 ! Line from keypoints 2 to 3 ! arc from keypoint 2 to 6, center kp 1, radius 0. 1 LARC, 2, 6, 1, 0. 1 AL, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ! Area defined by lines 1,2,3,4,5 Geometry for FEM analysis also can be created with solid modeling CAD or other software and imported into ANSYS. The IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) neutral file is a common format used to exchange geometry between computer programs. Tutorial 2B demonstrates this option for ANSYS geometry development. -8 TUTORIAL 2B – SEATBELT COMPONENT Objective: Determine the stresses and deformation of the prototype seatbelt component shown in the figure below if it is subjected to tensile load of 1000 lbf. Figure 2-24 Seatbelt component. The seatbelt component is made of steel, has an over all length of about 2. 5 inches and is 3/32 = 0. 09375 inches thick. A solid model of the part was developed in a CAD system and exported as an IGES file. The f ile is imported into ANSYS for analysis. For simplicity we will analyze only the right, or ‘tongue’ portion of the part in this tutorial.Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-17 Figure 2-25 Seatbelt ‘tongue’. PREPROCESSING 1. Start ANSYS, Run Interactive, set jobname, and working directory. Create the top half of the geometry above. The latch retention slot is 0. 375 x 0. 8125 inches and is located 0. 375 inch from the right edge. If you are not using an IGES file to define the geometry for this exercise, you can create the geometry directly in ANSYS with key points, lines, and arcs by selecting File > Read Input from to read in the text file given below and by skipping the IGES import steps 2, 3, 4, and 10 below. FILNAM,Seatbelt /title, Seatbelt Geometry ! Example of creating geometry using keypoints, lines, arcs /prep7 ! Create geometry k, 1, 0. 0, 0. 0 ! Keypoint 1 is at 0. 0, 0. 0 k, 2, 0. 75, 0. 0 k, 3, 1. 125, 0. 0 k, 4, 1. 5, 0. 0 k, 5, 1. 5, 0. 5 k, 6, 1. 2 5, 0. 75 k, 7, 0. 0, 0. 75 k, 8, 1. 125, 0. 375 k, 9, 1. 09375, 0. 40625 k, 10, 0. 8125, 0. 40625 k, 11, 0. 75, 0. 34375 k, 12, 1. 25, 0. 5 k, 13, 1. 09375, 0. 375 k, 14, 0. 8125, 0. 34375 2-18 L, L, L, L, L, L, L, L, ANSYS Tutorial 1, 2 3, 4 4, 5 6, 7 7, 1 3, 8 9, 10 11, 2 ! arc LARC, LARC, LARC, Line from keypoints 1 to 2 from keypoint 5 to 6, center kp 12, radius 0. 25, etc. 5,6, 12, 0. 25 8, 9, 13, 0. 03125 10, 11, 14, 0. 0625 AL,all ! Use all lines to create the area. 2. Alternatively, use a solid modeler to create the top half of the component shown above in the X-Y plane and export an IGES file of the part. To import the IGES file 3. Utility Menu > File > Import > IGES Select the IGES file you created earlier. Accept the ANSYS import default settings. If you have trouble with the import, select the alternate options and try again.Defeaturing is an automatic process to remove inconsistencies that may exist in the IGES file, for example lines that, because of the modeling or th e file translation process, do not quite join to digital precision accuracy. Figure 2-26 IGES import. Turn the IGES solid model around if necessary so you can easily select the X-Y plane. Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-19 4. Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Pan, Zoom, Rotate > Back, or use the side-bar icon. Figure 2-27 Seatbelt solid, front and back. 5.Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Add > Solid > Quad 8node 183 > OK (Use the 8-node quadrilateral element for this problem. ) 6. Options > Plane strs w/thk > OK > Close Enter the thickness 7. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Real Constants > Add/Edit/Delete > Add > (Type 1 Plane 183) > OK > Enter 0. 09375 > OK > Close Enter the material properties 8. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Material Props > Material Models Material Model Number 1, click Structural > Linear > Elastic > Isotropic Enter EX = 3. 0E7 and PRXY = 0. > OK (Close Define Material Model Behavior window. ) Now mesh the X-Y plane area. (Turn on area numbers if it helps. ) 9. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Free. Pick the X-Y planar area > OK IMPORTANT NOTE: The mesh below was developed from an IGES geometry file. Using the text file geometry definition, may produce a much different mesh. If so, use the Modify Mesh refinement tools to obtain a mesh density that produces results with accuracies comparable to those given below. Computed stress values can be surprisingly sensitive to mesh differences. -20 ANSYS Tutorial Figure 2-28 Quad 8 mesh. The IGES solid model is no longer needed, and since its lines and areas may interfere with subsequent modeling operations, we can delete it from the session. 10. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Delete > Volume and Below (Don’t be surprised if everything disappears. Just Plot > Elements to see the mesh again. ) 11. Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Pan, Zoom, Rotate > Front front side of mesh. ) (If necessary to see the Figure 2-29 . Mesh, front view. Now apply displacement and pr essure boundary conditions.Zero displacement UX along left edge and zero UY along bottom edge. 12. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Lines Pick the left edge > UX = 0. > OK 13. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Displacement > On Lines Pick the lower edge > UY = 0. > OK The 1000 lbf load corresponds to a uniform pressure of about 14,000 psi along the ? inch vertical inside edge of the latch retention slot. [1000 lbf/(0. 09375 in. x 0. 75 in. )]. 14.Main Menu > Preprocessor > Loads > Define Loads > Apply > Structural > Pressure > On Lines Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-21 Select the inside line and set pressure = 14000 > OK Figure 2-30 Applied displacement and pressure conditions. Solve the equations. SOLUTION 15. Main Menu > Solution > Solve > Current LS > OK POSTPROCESSING Comparing the von Mises stress with the material yield stress is an accepted way of evaluating static load yielding for du ctile metals in a combined stress state, so we enter the postprocessor and plot the element solution of von Mises stress, SEQV. 16.Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Element Solu > Stress > (scroll down) von Mises > OK Zoom in on the small fillet where the maximum stresses occur. The element solution stress contours are reasonably smooth, and the maximum von Mises stress is around 118,000 psi. Further mesh refinement gives a stress value of approximately 140,000 psi. The small fillet radius of this geometry illustrates the challenges that can arise in creating accurate solutions, however you can easily come within a few percent of the most likely true result using the methods discussed thus far.Figure 2-31 Von Mises stresses. 2-22 ANSYS Tutorial Redesign to reduce the maximum stress requires an increase in the thickness or fillet radius. Look at charts of stress concentration factors, and you notice that the maximum stress increases as the radius of the str ess raiser decreases, approaching infinite values at zero radii. If your model has a zero radius notch, your finite-size elements will show a very high stress but not infinite stress. If you refine the mesh, the stress will increase but not reach infinity.The finite element technique necessarily describes finite quantities and cannot directly treat an infinite stress at a singular point, so don’t ‘chase a singularity’. If you do not care what happens at the notch (static load, ductile material, etc. ) do not worry about this location but examine the stresses and strains in other regions. If you really are concerned about the maximum stress in a particular location (fatigue loads or brittle material), then use the actual part notch radius however small (1/32 for this tutorial); do not use a zero radius.Also examine the stress gradient in the vicinity of the notch to make sure the mesh is sufficiently refined near the notch. If a crack tip is the object of the anal ysis, you should look at fracture mechanics approaches to the problem. (See ANSYS help topics on fracture mechanics. ) The engineer’s responsibility is not only to build useful models, but also to interpret the results of such models in intelligent and meaningful ways. This can often get overlooked in the rush to get answers. Continue with the evaluation and check the strains and deflections for this model as well. 7. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Element Solu > Strain-total > 1st prin > OK The maximum principal normal strain value is found to be approximately 0. 004 in/in. 18. Main Menu > General Postproc > Plot Results > Contour Plot > Nodal Solu > DOF Solution > X-Component of displacement > OK Figure 2-32 UX displacements. Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-23 The maximum deflection in the X direction is about 0. 00145 inches and occurs as expected at the center of the right-hand edge of the latch retention slot. -9 MAPPED MESHING Quadrilateral m eshes can also be created by mapping a square with a regular array of cells onto a general quadrilateral or triangular region. To illustrate this, delete the last line, AL,all, from the text file above so that the area is not created (just the lines) and read it into ANSYS. Use PlotCtrls to turn Keypoint Numbering On. Then use 1. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Lines > Lines > Straight Line. Successively pick pairs of keypoints until the four interior lines shown below are created. Figure 2-33 Lines added to geometry. 2.Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Create > Areas > Arbitrary > By Lines Pick the three lines defining the lower left triangular area. > Apply > Repeat for the quadrilateral areas. > Apply > OK Figure 2-34 Quadrilateral/Triangular regions. 3. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Modeling > Operate > Booleans > Glue > Areas > Pick All 2-24 ANSYS Tutorial The glue operation preserves the boundaries between areas that we will need for mapped meshing. 4. Main Men u > Preprocessor > Meshing > Size Cntrls > ManualSize > Lines > All Lines Enter 4 for NDIV, No. lement divisions > OK All lines will be divided into four segments for mesh creation. Figure 2-35 Element size on picked lines. 5. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Element Type > Add/Edit/Delete > Add > Solid > Quad 8node 183 > OK (Use the 8-node quadrilateral element for the mesh. ) 6. Main Menu > Preprocessor > Meshing > Mesh > Areas > Mapped > 3 or 4 sided > Pick All The mesh below is created. Applying boundary and load conditions and solving gives the von Mises stress distribution shown.The stress contours are discontinuous because of the poor mesh quality. Notice the long and narrow quads near the point of maximum stress. We need more elements and they need to be better shaped with smaller aspect ratios to obtain satisfactory results. Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-25 Figure 2-36 Mapped mesh and von Mises results. One can tailor the mapped mesh by specifying how many elements are to be plac ed along which lines. This allows much better control over the quality of the mesh, and an example of using this approach is described in Lesson 4. 2-10 CONVERGENCEThe goal of finite element analysis as discussed in this lesson is to arrive at computed estimates of deflection, strain and stress that converge to definite values as the number of elements in the mesh increases, just as a convergent series arrives at a definite value once enough terms are summed. For elements based on assumed displacement functions that produce continuum models, the computed displacements are smaller in theory than the true displacements because the assumed displacement functions place an artificial constraint on the deformations that can occur.These constraints are relaxed as the element polynomial is increased or as more elements are used. Thus your computed displacements usually converge smoothly from below to fixed values. Strains are the x and/or y derivatives of the displacements and thus depend o n the distribution of the displacements for any given mesh. The strains and stresses may change in an erratic way as the mesh is refined, first smaller than the final computed values, then larger, etc. Not all elements are developed using the ideas discussed above, and some will give displacements that converge from above. (See Lesson 6. In any case you should be alert to computed displacement and stress variations as you perform mesh refinement during the solution of a problem. 2-11 TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELEMENT OPTIONS The analysis options for two-dimensional elements are: Plane Stress, Axisymmetric, Plane Strain, Plane Stress with Thickness and Generalized Plane Strain. The two examples thus far in this lesson were of the third type, namely problems of plane stress in which we provided the thickness of the part. 2-26 ANSYS Tutorial The first analysis option, Plane Stress, is the ANSYS default and provides an analysis for a part with unit thickness.If you are working on a design problem in which the thickness is not yet known, you may wish to use this option and then select the thickness based upon the stress, strain, and deflection distributions found for a unit thickness. The second option, Axisymmetric analysis is covered in detail in Lesson 3. Plane Strain occurs in a problem such as a cylindrical roller bearing caged against axial motion and uniformly loaded in a direction normal to the cylindrical surface. Because there is no axial motion, there is no axial strain.Each slice through the cylinder behaves like every other and the problem can be conveniently analyzed with a planar model. Another plane strain example is that of a long retaining wall, restrained at each end and loaded uniformly by soil pressure on one or both faces. The Generalized Plane Strain feature assumes a finite deformation domain length in the Z direction, as opposed to the infinite value assumed for standard plane strain. 2-12 SUMMARY Problems of stress concentration in plates subject to in-plane loadings were used to illustrate ANSYS analysis of plane stress problems.Free triangular and quadrilateral element meshes were developed and analyzed. Mapped meshing with quads was also presented. Similar methods are used for solving problems involving plane strain; one only has to choose the appropriate option during element selection. The approach is also applicable to axisymmetric geometries as discussed in the next lesson. 2-13 PROBLEMS In the problems below, use triangular and/or quadrilateral elements as desired. Triangles may produce more regular shaped element meshes with free meshing.The six-node triangles and eight-node quads can approximate curved surface geometries and, when stress gradients are present, give much better results than the four-node quad elements. 2-1 Find the maximum stress in the aluminum plate shown below. Use tabulated stress concentration factors to independently calculate the maximum stress. Compare the two results by determining the percen t difference in the two answers. Convert the 12 kN concentrated force into an equivalent pressure applied to the edge. Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-27 Figure P2-1 -2 Find the maximum stress for the plate from 2-1 if the hole is located halfway between the centerline and top edge as shown. You will now need to model half of the plate instead of just one quarter and properly restrain vertical rigid body motion. One way to do this is to fix one keypoint along the centerline from UY displacement. Figure P2-2 2-28 ANSYS Tutorial 2-3 An aluminum square 10 inches on a side has a 5-inch diameter hole at the center. The object is in a state of plane strain with an internal pressure of 1500 psi. Determine the magnitude and location of the maximum principal stress, the maximum rincipal strain, and the maximum von Mises stress. Note that no thickness need be supplied for plane strain analysis. Figure P2-3 2-4 Repeat 2-3 for a steel plate one inch thick in a state of plane stress. 2-5 See if yo u can reduce the maximum stress for the plate of problem 2-1 by adding holes as shown below. Select a hole size and location that you think will smooth out the ‘stress flow’ caused by the load transmission through the plate. Figure P2-5 2-6 Repeat 2-1 but the object is now a plate with notches or with a step in the geometry. (See the next figure. ) Select your own dimensions, materials, and loads.Use published stress concentration factor data to compare to your results. The published results are for plates that are relatively long so that there is a uniform state of axial stress at either end relatively far from notch or hole. Create your geometry accordingly. Plane Stress / Plane Strain 2-29 Figure P2-6 2-7 Solve the seatbelt component problem of Tutorial 2B again using six node triangular elements instead of the quadrilaterals. Experiment with mesh refinement. Turn on Smart Sizing using size controls to examine the effect on the solution. See if you can compute a maxi mum von Mises stress of around 140 kpsi. -8 Determine the stresses and deflections in an object ‘at hand’ (such as a seatbelt tongue or retaining wall) whose geometry and loading make it suitable for plane stress or plane strain analysis. Do all the necessary modeling of geometry (use a CAD system if you wish), materials and loadings. 2-9 A cantilever beam with a unit width rectangular cross section is loaded with a uniform pressure along its upper surface. Model the beam as a problem in plane stress. Compute the end deflection and the maximum stress at the cantilever support. Compare your results to those you would find using elementary beam theory.Figure P2-8 Restrain UX along the cantilever support line, but restrain UY at only one keypoint along this line. Otherwise, the strain in the Y direction due to the Poisson effect is prevented here, and the root stresses are different from elementary beam theory because of the singularity created. (Try fixing all node points in UX and UY and see what happens. ) Select your own dimensions, materials, and pressure. Try a beam that’s long and slender and one that’s short and thick. The effect of shear loading becomes more important in the deflection analysis as the slenderness decreases.

We Do Abortions Here

What surprises me most about â€Å"We Do Abortions Here† is the level of imagery she employs. After reading the text, I feel as if I could act on the old cliche and ‘paint a picture’ of this particular abortion clinic. I can walk in the locked glass door and see the receptionist look at my bag skeptically. In the waiting room, I see and hear the dysfunctional mother, or â€Å"girl with maternal benignity,† yelling at her kids in the waiting room.I can see the fear the woman’s face as the ignorant, hot-headed father lambasts her from the adjacent chair. I feel the cold of the metal stirrups. I hear the whirring, churning, thumping of the machine. I watch the â€Å"swollen abdomen sink† as the doctor moves the tube â€Å"with an efficient rhythm,† an â€Å"intent expression† on his face. I can sense the emotion of the girl whose hand I hold with one hand as I feel the â€Å"tissue† and â€Å"contents† drain into the b asin I hold with the other.I see their â€Å"shakily applied eyeliner smear when they cry† that â€Å"sharp, childish cry. † After the â€Å"dirty work† is over, I see the â€Å"curdlike blood clots† and â€Å"translucent arm† swimming beside a hand. As it is dumped down the drain, the odor of something â€Å"rich and humid,† â€Å"hot, earthy, and moldering† fills my nostrils and hits me in the stomach. I feel like I could walk out the doors of this building with a paycheck, yet there would be a piece of me that would feel morally bankrupt for what I did in the place where â€Å"They Do Abortions. †

The emotional emptiness in Araby by James Joyce Essays

The emotional emptiness in Araby by James Joyce Essays The emotional emptiness in Araby by James Joyce Paper The emotional emptiness in Araby by James Joyce Paper to see if they had all heard. And each one saw in the eyes of the other two that they too had heard This can be related to reality in which the parents are not taking care of their children, not giving them love because theyre more concerned about their wealth, which eventually leads to the children taking action themselves in order to get their parents love. The rocking horse represents both Pauls desire to make money for his mother and his own sexuality. In a sense, one can guess that Paul compensates for his mothers immaturity by masturbating: he would sit on his big rocking horse, charging madly into space, with a frenzy that made the little girls peer at him uneasilyhis eyes had a strange glare in them Pauls masturbatory activities are equally useless as well. No matter how much money he wins for his mother, she is never satisfied. More to the point, Pauls money can not buy his mothers love. All in all, setting is not only the time and place of a story but it can be sometimes an essential part of the story. The emotional emptiness in Araby by James Joyce, The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck which uses antagonism, mood and atmosphere in The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe, reinforcement of the conflict in The Blind Man and The Rocking Horse Winner which is a metaphor for human life. All 5 are good examples of how setting plays an important and different role in a story. The setting of a story helps to outline the general theme. It may even be an important symbol or help develop symbolism. Setting may also able a reader to relate to hardships or situations in real life. This helps the story to become more powerful and complex. The settings used in the 5 stories above were the foundations of success in these works.